10th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">About Talhah and az-Zubayr</span></b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 93%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 9.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 93%;">Beware! Satan ⁽¹⁾ has collected his group and assembled his horse-men and foot-soldiers. Surely, with me is my sagacity. I have neither deceived myself nor ever been deceived. By Allah I shall fill to the brim for them a cistern from which I alone would draw water. They can neither turn away from it nor return to it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 92%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> ^{<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 92%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(1)</span>}<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 92%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. When Talhah and az-Zubayr broke away by violating the Oath of allegiance and set for Basrah in the company of `A'ishah, Amir al-mu'minin spoke in these words which are part of the long speech. Ibn Abi'l-Hadid has written that in this sermon Satan denotes the real Satan as well as Mu`awiyah because Mu`awiyah was secretly conspiring with Talhah and az-Zubayr and instigating them to fight against Amir al-mu'minin but the reference to the real Satan is more appropriate, obvious and in accord with the situation and circumstances.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> </div>

10th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

About Talhah and az-Zubayr Beware! Satan (1) has collected his group and assembled his horse-men and foot-soldiers. Surely, with me...

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9th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Cowardice of the people of Jamal</span></b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin: 0in 21pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 90%;">They ⁽¹⁾ thunder like clouds and shone like lightning but despite both these things they exhibited cowardice, while we do not thunder till we pounce upon the foe nor do we show flow (of words) until we have not virtually rained.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 89%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> ^{<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 89%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(1)</span>}<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 89%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> About the people of Jamal (i.e. the enemy in the battle of Jamal) Amir al-mu'minin says that they rose thundering, shouting and stampeding but when encounter took place they were seen flying like straw. At one time they made loud claims that they would do this and would do that and now they showed such cowardice as to flee from the battle-field.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0in 7pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">About himself Amir al-mu'minin says, that "We do not threaten the enemy before battle, nor utter boasts, nor terrorize the enemy by raising unnecessary cries because it is not the way of the brave to use the tongue instead of the hand." That is why on this occasion he said to his comrades: "Beware of excessive talk as it is cowardice."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </div> </div>

9th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

Cowardice of the people of Jamal They (1) thunder like clouds and shone like lightning but despite both these things they exhibite...

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8th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Said about az-Zubayr at a time for which it was appropriate</span></b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 86%; margin: 0in 10pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 86%;">He asserts that he swore allegiance to me with his hand but did not swear with his heart. ⁽¹⁾ So he does admit allegiance.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.3pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 113%; margin: 0in 8pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 113%;">As regards his claiming it otherwise than with his heart he should come forward with a clear argument for it. Otherwise, he should return to wherefrom he has gone out. ⁽²⁾<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.95pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 89%; margin: 0in 10pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> ^{<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 89%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(1)</span>}<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 89%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. When after swearing allegiance on the hand of Amir al-mu'minin, az-Zubayr ibn al-`Awwam broke the allegiance, then sometimes he put forth the excuse that he was forced to swear allegiance and that forced allegiance is no allegiance, and sometimes he said that allegiance was only for show. His heart did not go in accord with it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0in 2pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Though he himself admitted with his tongue the duplicity of his outer appearance and inner self but this excuse is like that of the one who reverts to apostasy after adopting Islam and to avoid penalty may say that he had accepted Islam only by the tongue, not in the heart.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Obviously, such an excuse cannot be heard, nor can avoid punishment by this argument. If az-Zubayr suspected that `Uthman was slain at Amir al-mu'minin's insistence, this suspicion should have existed when he was taking oath for obedience and stretching his hand for allegiance, not now that his expectations were getting frustrated and hopes had started dawning from somewhere else.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 89%; margin: 0in 1pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> ^{<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 89%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(2)</span>}<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 89%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. Amir al-mu'minin has rejected his claim in short form thus: that when he admits that his hands had paid allegiance then until there is justification for breaking of the allegiance he should stick to it. But if, according to him his heart was not in accord with it he should produce other proof for it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.75pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin: 0in 11pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Since proof about the state of heart cannot be adduced how he can bring such proof, and an assertion without proof is unacceptable to his mind.<o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> </div>

8th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

Said about az-Zubayr at a time for which it was appropriate He asserts that he swore allegiance to me with his hand but did not swe...

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7th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">About the hypocrites</span></b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.2pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin: 0in 11pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 90%;">They ⁽¹⁾ have made Satan the master of their affairs, and he has taken them as partners. He has laid eggs and hatched them in their bosoms. He creeps and crawls in their laps. He sees through their eyes, and speaks with their tongues.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.4pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0in 9pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 100%;">In this way he has led them to sinfulness and adorned for them foul things like the action of one whom Satan has made partner in his domain and speaks untruth through his tongue.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.15pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 92%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> ^{<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 92%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(1)</span>}<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 92%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. Amir al-mu'minin says about the hypocrites (i.e. those who opposed him before and during his Caliphate) that they are partners in action of Satan and his helpers and supporters. He too has befriended them so much that he has made his abode with them, resides on their bosoms, lays eggs and hatches young one from them there, while these young ones jump and play in their laps without demur. He means that Satanic evil ideas take birth in their bosoms and grow and thrive there.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 5pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">There is neither restrain on them nor restriction of any kind. He has so permeated in their blood and mingled in their spirit that both have become completely unified. Now eyes are theirs but sight is his, the tongue is theirs but the words are his, as the Prophet had said, "Verily, Satan permeates the progeny of Adam like blood." That is, just as the circulation of blood does not stop, in the same way the quick succession of Satan's evil ideas know no break and he draws man towards evil in sleep and wakefulness, and in every posture, rising or sitting.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0in 1pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">He so paints them with his dye that their word and action reflect an exact portrait of his word and action. Those whose bosoms shine with the effulgence of faith prevent such evil ideas but some are already ready to welcome those evils and these are the persons who under the garb of Islam are ever after advancement of heresy.<o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> </div>

7th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

About the hypocrites They (1) have made Satan the master of their affairs, and he has taken them as partners. He has laid eggs and...

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6th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 124%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 21.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 124%; margin: 0in 21pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 124%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Delivered on being advised not to chase Talhah ibn `Ubaydillah and az-Zubayr ibn al’Awwam for fighting <sup>(1)</sup></span></b><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 124%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 5.9pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0in 2pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">By Allah I shall not be like the badger, which feigns sleep on continuous (sound of) stone-throwing till he who is in search of it finds it or he who is on the lookout for it overpowers it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.15pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rather, I shall ever strike the deviators from truth with the help of those who advance towards it, and the sinners and doubters with the help of those who listen to me and obey, till my day (of death) comes. By Allah I have been continually deprived of my right from the day the Prophet died till today.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.15pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0in 7pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(1). When Amir al-mu'minin showed intention to chase Talhah and az-Zubayr, he was advised to leave them on their own lest he received some harm from them. Amir al-mu'minin uttered these words in reply, the sum total whereof is: "How long can I be a mere spectator to my right being snatched and keep quiet. Now, so long as I have breath of life I shall fight them and make them suffer the consequences of their conduct.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">They should not think that I can be easily over-powered like the badger."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin: 0in 5pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Dabu` means badger. Its nickname is Umm `Amir and Umm Turrayq. It is also called "the glutton", because it swallows everything and eats up whatever it gets as if several bellies were contained in one, and they do not have their fill.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">It is also called Na`thal.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 1pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">It is a very simple and silly animal. Its slyness is apparent from the way it is easily caught. It is said that the hunter surrounds its den and strikes it with his foot or a stick, and calls out softly, "Bow you head Umm Turrayq, conceal yourself Umm `Amir." On repeating this sentence and patting the ground, it conceals itself in a corner of the den. Then the hunter says, "Umm `Amir is not in its den, it is sleeping." On hearing this it stretches its limbs and feigns sleep.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin: 0in 28pt 0.0001pt 0in;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The hunter then puts the knot in its feet and drags it out, and if falls like a coward into his hand without resistance.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </div> </div> </div>

6th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

Delivered on being advised not to chase Talhah ibn `Ubaydillah and az-Zubayr ibn al’Awwam for fighting (1) By Allah I shall not be l...

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5th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <b style="line-height: 112%;"><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Delivered when the Holy Prophet died and `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb offered to pay allegiance to Amir al-mu'minin for the Caliphate</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">O' People! ⁽¹⁾<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 4.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 103%;">Steer clear through the waves of mischief by boats of deliverance, turn away from the path of dissension and put off the crowns of pride. Prosperous is one who rises with wings (i.e. when he has power) or else he remains peaceful and others enjoy ease. It (i.e. the aspiration for Caliphate) is like turbid water or like a morsel that would suffocate the person who swallows it. One who plucks fruits before ripening is like one who cultivated in another's field.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 15.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 100%;">If I speak out they would call me greedy towards power but if I keep quiet they would say I was afraid of death. It is a pity that after all the ups and downs (I have been through). By<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: .3pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 90%;">Allah the son of Abu Talib ⁽²⁾ is more familiar with death than an infant with the breast of its mother. I have hidden knowledge, if I disclose it you will start trembling like ropes in deep wells.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-.95pt; margin-top:7.9pt;width:534pt;height:4pt;z-index:-1;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:allowincell="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Dell\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 5px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1px; margin-top: 11px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 712px; z-index: -1;"><img height="5" src="file:///C:/Users/Dell/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_3" width="712" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> ^{<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(1)</span>}<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. When the Holy Prophet died Abu Sufyan was not in Medina. He was coming back when on his way he got the news of this tragedy. At once he enquired who had become the leader and Chief. He was told that people had paid allegiance to Abu Bakr. On hearing this, the acknowledged mischief-monger of Arabia went into deep thought and eventually went to `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib with a proposal.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">He said to him, "Look, these people have by contrivance made over the Caliphate to the Taym and deprived Banu Hashim of it for good, and after himself this man would place over our heads a haughty man of Banu `Adi.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Let us go to `Ali ibn `Abi Talib and ask him to get out of his house and take to arms to secure his right." So taking `Abbas with him he came to `Ali and said: "Let me your hand; I pay allegiance to you and if anyone rises in opposition I would fill the streets of Medina with men of cavalry and infantry." This was the most delicate moment for Amir al-mu'minin. He regarded himself as the true head and successor of the Prophet while a man with the backing of his tribe<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page331"></a> and party like Abu Sufyan was ready to support him. Just a signal was enough to ignite the flames of war.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">But Amir al-mu'minin's foresight and right judgment saved the Muslims from civil war as his piercing eyes perceived that this man wanted to start civil war by rousing the passions of tribal partisanship and distinction of birth, so that Islam should be struck with a convulsion that would shake it to its roots. Amir al-mu'minin therefore rejected his counsel and admonished him severely and spoke forth the words, whereby he has stopped people from mischief mongering, and undue conceit, and declared his stand to be that for him there were only two courses - either to take up arms or to sit quietly at home.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 110%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 5.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If he rose for war there was no supporter so that he could suppress these rising insurgencies. The only course left was quietly to wait for the opportunity till circumstances were favorable.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Amir al-mu'minin's quietness at this stage was indicative of his high policy and far-sightedness, because if in those circumstances Medina had become the centre of war its fire would have engulfed the whole of Arabia in its flames.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 4pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The discord and scuffle that had already begun among muhajirun (those who came from Mecca) and ansar (the locals of Medina) would have increased to maximum, the wire-pullings of the hypocrites would have had full play, and Islam's ship would have been caught in such a whirlpool that its balancing would have been difficult; Amir al-mu'minin suffered trouble and tribulations but did not raise his hands.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 4.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">History is witness that during his life at Mecca the Prophet suffered all sorts of troubles but he was not prepared to clash or struggle by abandoning patience and endurance, because he realized that if war took place at that stage the way for Islam's growth and fruition would be closed.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 6pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Of course, when he had collected supporters and helpers enough to suppress the flood of unbelief and curb the disturbances, he rose to face the enemy. Similarly, Amir al-mu'minin, treating the life of the Prophet as a torch for his guidance refrained from exhibiting the power of his arm because he was realizing that rising against the enemy without helpers and supporters would become a source of revolt and defeat instead of success and victory.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 11.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Therefore, on this occasion Amir al-mu'minin has likened the desire for Caliphate to turbid water or a morsel suffocating the throat. Thus, even where people had forcibly snatched this morsel and wanted to swallow it by forcible thrusting, it got stuck up in their throat.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">They could neither swallow it nor vomit it out. That is, they could neither manage it as is apparent from the blunders they committed in connection with Islamic injunctions, nor were they ready to cast off the knot from their neck. He reiterated the same ideas in different words thus: "If had I attempted to pluck the unripe fruit of Caliphate then by this the orchard would have been desolated and I too would have achieved nothing, like these people who cultivate on other's land but can neither guard it, nor water it at proper time, nor reap any crop from it.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page332"></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The position of these people is that if I ask them to vacate it so that the owner should cultivate it himself and protect it, they say how greedy I am, while if I keep quiet they think I am afraid of death. They should tell me on what occasion did I ever feel afraid, or flew from battle-field for life, whereas every small or big encounter is proof of my bravery and a witness to my daring and courage. He who plays with swords and strikes against hillocks is not afraid of death.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 9.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">I am so familiar with death that even an infant is not so familiar with the breast of its mother. Hark! The reason for my silence is the knowledge that the Prophet has put in my bosom. If I divulge it you would get perplexed and bewildered.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 3pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Let some days pass and you would know the reason of my inaction, and perceive with your own eyes what sorts of people would appear on this scene under the name of Islam, and what destruction they would bring about. My silence is because this would happen; otherwise it is not silence without reason." A Persian hemistich says:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">"Silence has meaning which cannot be couched in words."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 82%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 14.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 82%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(2)</span></sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 82%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. About death Amir al-mu'minin says that it is so dear to him that even an infant does not so love to leap towards the source of its nourishment while in its mother's lap.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">An infant's attachment with the breast of its mother is under the effect of a natural impulse but the dictates of natural impulses change with the advance of age.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 5pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">When the limited period of infancy ends and the infant's temperament changes, he does not like even to look at what was so familiar to him but rather turns his face from it in disgust. But the love of prophets and saints for union with Allah is mental and spiritual, and mental and spiritual feelings do not change, nor does weakness or decay occur in them.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 3.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Since death is the means and first rung towards this goal their love for death increases to such an extent that its rigors become the cause of pleasure for them and its bitterness proves to be the source of delight for their taste.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 3pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Their love for it is the same as that of the thirsty for the well or that of a lost passenger for his goal. Thus when Amir al-mu'minin was wounded by `Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muljam's fatal attack, he said, "I was but like the walker who has reached (the goal) or like the seeker who has found (his object) and whatever is with Allah is good for the pious." The Prophet also said that there is no pleasure for a believer other than union with Allah.<o:p></o:p></span></div> </div>

5th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

Delivered when the Holy Prophet died and `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib and Abu Sufyan ibn Harb offered to pay allegiance to Amir al-mu'm...

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4th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <b style="line-height: 119%;"><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 119%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Amir al-mu'minin's far-sightedness and his staunch conviction in Belief</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.05pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 108%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 11.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 108%;">Through us you got guidance in the darkness and secured high position, and through us you got out of the gloomy night. The ears which do not listen to the cries may become deaf.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 20.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 100%;">How can one who remained deaf to the loud cries (of the Qur'an and the Prophet) listen to (my) feeble voice. The heart that has ever palpitated (with fear of Allah) may get peace.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 102%;">I always apprehended from you consequences of treachery and I had seen you through in the garb of the deceitful. The curtain of religion had kept me hidden from you but the truth of my intentions disclosed you to me.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 17.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 100%;">I stood for you on the path of truth among misleading tracks where you met each other but there was no leader and you dug but got no water.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 108%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 14.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 108%;">Today I am making these dumb things speak to you (i.e. my suggestive ideas and deep musings etc.) which are full of descriptive power. The opinion of the person who abandons me may get astray. I have never doubted in the truth since it has been shown to me.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 11.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 90%;">Musa (Moses) ⁽¹⁾ did not entertain fear for his own self. Rather he apprehended mastery of the ignorant and away of deviation. Today we stand on the cross-roads of truth and untruth. The one who is sure of getting water feels no thirst.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-.95pt; margin-top:7.9pt;width:534pt;height:4pt;z-index:-1;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:allowincell="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Dell\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 5px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1px; margin-top: 11px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 712px; z-index: -1;"><img height="5" src="file:///C:/Users/Dell/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_3" width="712" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 87%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> ^{<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 87%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(1)</span>}<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 87%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. The reference is to that even of Moses when sorcerers were sent for to confront him and they showed their sorcery by throwing ropes and sticks on the ground and Moses felt afraid. Thus, the Qur'an records:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 55.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. . . it seemed to him (Moses), by their sorcery as if they were running. Then Moses felt in himself a fear. We said: Fear not! Verily thou art the uppermost. (20:66-68)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 23.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Amir al-mu'minin says that the ground for Moses fear was not that since he saw ropes and sticks moving he might have entertained fear for his life but the cause of his fear was lest<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page329"></a> people be impressed with this sorcery and get astray, and untruth might prevail on account of this craft. That is why Moses was not consoled by saying that his life was safe but by saying that he would prove superior and his claim would be upheld.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 3.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Since his fear was for the defeat of the truth and victory of the untruth, not for his own life, the consideration was given to him for the victory of truth and not for the protection of his life.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Amir al-mu'minin also means that he too had the same fear viz. that the people should not be caught in the trap of these (Talhah, az-Zubayr, etc.) and fail into misguidance by getting astray from the true faith. Otherwise, he himself never feared for his own life.<o:p></o:p></span></div> </div>

4th Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

Amir al-mu'minin's far-sightedness and his staunch conviction in Belief Through us you got guidance in the darkness and secure...

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3rd Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="Section1"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <b style="line-height: 11.95pt;"><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Known as the Sermon of ash-Shiqshiqiyyah⁽¹⁾</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 14.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 97%;">Beware! By Allah the son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr)⁽²⁾ dressed himself with it (the caliphate) and he certainly knew that my position in relation to it was the same as the position of the axis in relation to the hand-mill. The flood water flows down from me and the bird cannot fly up to me. I put a curtain against the caliphate and kept myself detached from it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 19.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 102%;">Then I began to think whether I should assault or endure calmly the blinding darkness of tribulations wherein the grown up are made feeble and the young grow old and the true believer acts under strain till he meets Allah (on his death). I found that endurance thereon was wiser.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 7.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 102%;">So I adopted patience although there was pricking in the eye and suffocation (of mortification) in the throat. I watched the plundering of my inheritance till the first one went his way but handed over the Caliphate to Ibn al-Khattab after himself.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">(Then he quoted al-A`sha's verse).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 113%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 58.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 113%;">My days are now passed on the camel's back (in difficulty) while there were days (of ease) when I enjoyed the company of Jabir's brother Hayyan.<sup> (3)</sup><o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 6.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 7.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 102%;">It is strange that during his lifetime he wished to be released from the caliphate but he confirmed it for the other one after his death. No doubt these two shared its udders strictly among themselves. This one put the Caliphate in a tough enclosure where the utterance was haughty and the touch was rough. Mistakes were in plenty and so also the excuses therefore.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 102%;">One in contact with it was like the rider of an unruly camel. If he pulled up its rein the very nostril would be slit, but if he let it loose he would be thrown. Consequently, by Allah people got involved in recklessness, wickedness, unsteadiness and deviation.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 99%;">Nevertheless, I remained patient despite length of period and stiffness of trial, till when he<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: .45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 94%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 3.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 94%;">went his way (of death) he put the matter (of Caliphate) in a group<sup>(4)</sup> and regarded me to be one of them. But good Heavens! What had I to do with this "consultation"? Where was any doubt about me with regard to the first of them that I was now considered akin to these ones?<o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br /> <div class="Section2"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page314"></a><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">But I remained low when they were low and flew high when they flew high.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 5.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 102%;">One of them turned against me because of his hatred and the other got inclined the other way due to his in-law relationship and this thing and that thing, till the third man of these people stood up with heaving breasts between his dung and fodder.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 88%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 19.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 88%;">With him his children of his grand-father, (Umayyah) also stood up swallowing up Allah's wealth<sup>(5)</sup> like a camel devouring the foliage of spring, till his rope broke down, his actions finished him and his gluttony brought him down prostrate.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 103%;">At that moment, nothing took me by surprise, but the crowd of people rushing to me. It advanced towards me from every side like the mane of the hyena so much so that Hasan and Husayn were getting crushed and both the ends of my shoulder garment were torn. They collected around me like the herd of sheep and goats. When I took up the reins of government one party broke away and another turned disobedient while the rest began acting wrongfully as if they had not heard the word of Allah saying:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 51.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 102%;">That abode in the hereafter, we assign it for those who intend not to exult themselves in the earth, nor (to make) mischief (therein); and the end is (best) for the pious ones. (Qur'an, 28:83)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 103%;">Yes, by Allah, they had heard it and understood it but the world appeared in their eyes glittering and its embellishments seduced them. Behold, by Him who split the grain (to grow) and created living beings, if people had not come to me and supporters had not exhausted the argument and if there had been no pledge of Allah with the learned to the effect that they should not acquiesce in the gluttony of the oppressor and the hunger of the oppressed I would have cast the rope of Caliphate on its own shoulders, and would have given the last one the same treatment as to the first one. Then you would have seen that in my view this world of yours is no better than the sneezing of a goat.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 103%;">(It is said that when Amir al-mu'minin reached here in his sermon a man of Iraq stood up and handed him over a writing. Amir al-mu'minin began looking at it, when Ibn `Abbas said, "O' Amir al-mu'minin, I wish you resumed your Sermon from where you broke it." Thereupon he replied, "O' Ibn `Abbas it was like the foam of a Camel which gushed out but subsided." Ibn `Abbas says that he never grieved over any utterance as he did over this one because Amir al-mu'minin could not finish it as he wished to.)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 103%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 5.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 103%;">Ash-Sharif ar-Radi says: The words in this sermon "like the rider of a camel" mean to convey that when a camel rider is stiff in drawing up the rein then in this scuffle the nostril gets bruised, but if he lets it loose in spite of the camel's unruliness, it would throw him somewhere and would get out of control. "ashnaq an-naqah" is used when the rider holds up the rein and raises the camel's head upwards. In the same sense the word "shanaqa an-naqah"<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page315"></a> is used. Ibn as-Sikkit has mentioned this in Islah al-mantiq. Amir al-mu'minin has said "ashnaqa laha" instead of "ashnaqaha", this is because he has used this word in harmony with "aslasa laha" and harmony could be retained only by using both in the same form.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 100%;">Thus, Amir al-mu'minin has used "ashnaqa laha" as though in place of "in rafa`a laha ra'saha", that is, "if he stops it by holding up the reins."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-.95pt; margin-top:7.65pt;width:534pt;height:4pt;z-index:-1;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text' o:allowincell="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Dell\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 5px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1px; margin-top: 10px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 712px; z-index: -1;"><img height="5" src="file:///C:/Users/Dell/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_3" width="712" /></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 10.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 15.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 91%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 11.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 91%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(1)</span></sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 91%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">.This sermon is known as the sermon of ash-Shiqshiqiyyah, and is counted among the most famous sermons of Amir al-mu'minin. It was delivered at ar-Rahbah. Although some people have denied it to be Amir al-mu'minin's utterance and by attributing it to as-Sayyid ar-Radi (or ash-Sharif ar-Radi) have laid blame on his acknowledged integrity, yet truth-loving scholars have denied its veracity.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 5pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Nor can there be any ground for this denial because `Ali's (p.b.u.h.) difference of view in the matter of Caliphate is not a secret matter, so that such hints should be regarded as something alien. And the events which have been alluded to in this sermon are preserved in the annals of history which testifies them word by word and sentence by sentence.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If the same events which are related by history are recounted by Amir al-mu'minin then what is the ground for denying them? If the memory of discouraging circumstances faced by him soon after the death of the Prophet appeared unpalatable to him it should not be surprising.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 19.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">No doubt this sermon hits at the prestige of certain personalities and gives a set back to the faith and belief in them but this cannot be sustained by denying the sermon to be Amir al-mu'minin's utterance, unless the true events are analyzed and truth unveiled; otherwise just denying it to be Amir al-mu'minin's utterance because it contains disparagement of certain individuals carries no weight, when similar criticism has been related by other historians as well. Thus (Abu `Uthman) `Amr ibn Bahr al-Jahiz has recorded the following words of a sermon of Amir al-mu'minin and they are not less weighty than the criticism in the "Sermon of ash-Shiqshiqiyyah."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: .75in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Those two passed away and the third one rose like the crow whose courage is confined to the belly. It would have been better if both his wings had been cut and his head severed.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 7.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Consequently, the idea that it is the production of as-Sayyid ar-Radi is far from truth and a result of partisanship and partiality. Or else if it is the result of some research it should be brought out. Otherwise, remaining in such wishful illusion does not alter the truth, nor can the force of decisive arguments be curbed down by mere disagreement and displeasure.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 111%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 3.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 111%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Now we set forth the evidence of those scholars and traditionalists who have clearly held it to be Amir al-mu'minin's production, so that its historical importance should become known. Among<o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br /> <div class="Section3"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 7.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page316"></a><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">these scholars some are those before as-Sayyid ar-Radi's period, some are his contemporaries and some are those who came after him but they all related it through their own chain of authority.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">1) Ibn Abi'l-Hadid al-Mu`tazili writes that his master Abu'l-Khayr Musaddiq ibn Shabib al-Wasiti (d. 605 A.H.) stated that he heard this sermon from ash-Shaykh Abu Muhammad `Abdullah ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi (d. 567 A.H.) known as Ibn al-Khashshab and when he reached where Ibn `Abbas expressed sorrow for this sermon having remained incomplete Ibn al-Khashshab said to him that if he had heard the expression of sorrow from Ibn `Abbas he would have certainly asked him if there had remained with his cousin any further unsatisfied desire because excepting the Prophet he had already spared neither the predecessors nor followers and had uttered all that he wished to utter.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 24.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Why should therefore be any sorrow that he could not say what he wished? Musaddiq says that Ibn al-Khashshab was a man of jolly heart and decent taste.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 11.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">I inquired from him whether he also regarded the sermon to be a fabrication when he replied "By Allah, I believe it to be Amir al-mu'minin's word as I believe you to be Musaddiq ibn Shabib." I said that some people regard it to be as-Sayyid ar-Radi's production when he replied: "How can ar-Radi have such guts or such style of writing.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">I have seen as-Sayyid ar-Radi's writings and know his style of composition. Nowhere does his writing match with this one and I have already seen it in books written two hundred years before the birth of as-Sayyid ar-Radi, and I have seen it in familiar writings about which I know by which scholars or men of letters they were compiled. At that time not only ar-Radi but even his father Abu Ahmad an-Naqib has not been born."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 7.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Thereafter Ibn Abi'l-Hadid writes that he saw this sermon in the compilations of his master Abu'l-Qasim (`Abdullah ibn Ahmad) al-Balkhi (d. 317 A.H.). He was the Imam of the Mu'tazilites in the reign of al-Muqtadir Billah while al-Muqtadir's period was far earlier than the birth of as-Sayyid ar-Radi. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 5.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">He further writes that he saw this sermon in Abu Ja`far (Muhammad ibn `Abd ar-Rahman), Ibn Qibah's book al-Insaf. He was the pupil of Abu'l-Qasim al-Balkhi and a theologian of Imamiyyah (Shi`ite) sect. (Sharh of Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, vol.1, pp.205-206) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 10.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Ibn Maytham al-Bahrani (d. 679 A.H.) writes in his commentary that he had seen one such copy of this sermon which bore writing of al-Muqtadir Billah's minister Abu'l-Hasan `Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Furat (d. 312 A.H.). (Sharh al-balaghah, vol.1., pp.252-253) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">al-`Allamah Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi has related the following chain of authority about this Sermon from ash-Shaykh Qutbu'd-Din ar-Rawandi's compilation Minhaj al-bara`ah fi Sharh Nahj al-balaghah: <o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">ash-Shaykh Abu Nasr al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim informed me from al-Hajib Abu'l-Wafa' Muhammad ibn Badi`, al-Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Badi` and al-<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page317"></a>Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn `Abd ar-Rahman and they from al-Hafiz Abu Bakr (Ahmad ibn Musa) ibn Marduwayh al-Isbahani (d. 416 A.H.) and he from al-Hafiz Abu'l-Qasim Sulayman ibn Ahmad at-Tabarani (d. 360 A.H.) and he from Ahmad ibn `Ali al-Abbar and he from Is'haq ibn Sa`id Abu Salamah ad-Dimashqi and he from Khulayd ibn Da`laj and he from `Ata' ibn Abi Rabah and he from Ibn `Abbas. (Bihar al-anwar, 1st ed. vol.8, pp.160-161)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 14.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">6) In the context al-`Allamah al-Majlisi has written that this sermon is also contained in the compilations of Abu `Ali (Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Wahhab) al-Jubba 'i (d. 303 A.H.).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 14.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 14.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">7) In connection with this very authenticity al-`Allamah al-Majlisi writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 40pt 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Al-Qadi `Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad al-Asad'abadi (d. 415A.H.) who was a strict Mu`tazilite explains some expressions of this sermon in his book al-Mughni and tries to prove that it does not strike against any preceding caliph but does not deny it to be Amir al-mu'minin's composition. (ibid.. p.161)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">8) Abu Ja`far Muhammad ibn `Ali, Ibn Babawayh (d. 381 A.H.) writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 31pt 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Is'haq at-Talaqani told us that `Abd al-`Aziz ibn Yahya al-Jaludi (d. 332 A.H.) told him that Abu `Abdillah Ahmad ibn `Ammar ibn Khalid told him that Yahya ibn `Abd al-Hamid al- Himmani (d. 228 A.H.) told him that `Isa ibn Rashid related this sermon from `Ali ibn Hudhayfah and he from `Ikrimah and he from Ibn `Abbas. (`Ilal ash-shara'i`, vol.1, chap. 122, p.144; Ma`ani al-akhbar, chap.22, pp.360-361)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">9) Then Ibn Babawayh records the following chain of authorities:-<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 32.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Muhammad ibn `Ali Majilawayh related this sermon to us and he took it from his uncle Muhammad ibn Abi'l-Qasim and he from Ahmad ibn Abi `Abdillah (Muhammad ibn Khalid) al-Barqi and he from his father and he from (Muhammad) Ibn Abi `Umayr and he from Aban ibn `Uthman and he from Aban ibn Taghlib and he from `Ikrimah and he from Ibn `Abbas. (`Ilal ash-shara'i`, vol.1, chap.122, p.l46; Ma`ani al-akhbar, chap.22, p.361)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 3pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">10) Abu Ahmad al-Hasan ibn `Abdillah ibn Sa`id al-`Askari (d.382 A.H.) who counts among great scholars of the Sunnis has written commentary and explanation of this sermon that has been recorded by Ibn Babawayh in `Ilal ash-shara'i` and Ma`ani al-akhbar. 11) as-Sayyid Ni`matullah al-Jaza'iri writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The author of Kitab al-gharat Abu Is'haq, Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ath-Thaqafi al-<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 33.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Kufi (d. 283 A.H.) has related this sermon through his own chain of authorities. The date of completion of writing this book is Tuesday the 13th Shawwal 255 A. H. and in the same year, Murtada al-Musawi was born. He was older in age than his brother as-Sayyid ar-Radi. (Anwar an-Nu`maniyyah, p.37)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">12) As-Sayyid Radi ad-Din Abu'l-Qasim `Ali ibn Musa, Ibn Tawus al-Husayni al-Hulli (d. 664 A.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page318"></a>H.) has related this sermon from Kitab al-gharat with the following chain of authorities:-<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 33pt 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">This sermon was related to us by Muhammad ibn Yusuf who related it from al-Hasan ibn `Ali ibn `Abd al-Karim az-Za`farani and he from Muhammad ibn Zakariyyah al-Ghallabi and he from Ya`qub ibn Ja`far ibn Sulayman and he from his father and he from his grand-father and he from Ibn `Abbas. (Translation of at-Tara'if, p.202)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">13) Shaykh at-Ta'ifah, Muhammad ibn al- Hasan at-Tusi (d. 460 A.H.) writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 33pt 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(Abu'l-Fath Hilal ibn Muhammad ibn Ja`far) al-Haffar related this sermon to us. He related it from Abu'l-Qasim (Isma`il ibn `Ali ibn `Ali) ad-Di`bili and he from his father and he from his brother Di`bil (ibn `Ali al-Kuza`i) and he from Muhammad ibn Salamah ash-Shami and he from Zurarah ibn A`yan and he from Abu Ja`far Muhammad ibn `Ali and he from Ibn `Abbas. (al-Amali, p.237)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">14) Ash-Shaykh al-Mufid (Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn an-Nu`man, d. 413 A.H.) who was the teacher of as-Sayyid ar-Radi writes about the chain of authorities of this sermon:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 58.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">A number of relaters of traditions have related this sermon from Ibn `Abbas through numerous chains. (al-Irshad, p.135)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">15) `Alam al-Huda (emblem of guidance) as-Sayyid al-Murtada who was the elder brother of as-Sayyid ar-Radi has recorded it on pp. 203,204 of his book ash-Shafi. 16) Abu Mansur at-Tabarsi writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 33pt 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">A number of relaters have given an account of this sermon from Ibn `Abbas through various chains. Ibn `Abbas said that he was in the audience of Amir al-mu'minin at ar-Rahbah (a place in Kufah) when conversation turned to Caliphate and those who had preceded him as Caliphs, when Amir al-mu'minin breathed a sigh and delivered this sermon. (al-Ihtijaj, p. 101)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">17) Abu'l-Muzaffar Yusuf ibn `Abdillah and Sibt ibn al-Jawzi al-Hanafi (d. 654 A.H.) writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 38.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Our ash-Shaykh Abu'l-Qasim an-Nafis al-Anbari related this sermon to us through his chain of authorities that ends with Ibn `Abbas, who said that after allegiance had been paid to Amir al-mu'minin as Caliph he was sitting on the pulpit when a man from the audience enquired why he had remained quiet till then whereupon Amir al-mu'minin delivered this sermon extempore. (Tadhkarat khawass al-ummah, p.73)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">18) Al-Qadi Ahmad ibn Muhammad, ash-Shihab al-Khafaji (d. 1069 A.H.) writes with regard to its authenticity:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">It is stated in the utterances of Amir al-mu'minin `Ali (Allah may be pleased with<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 67.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page319"></a><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">him) that "It is strange during life time he (Abu Bakr) wanted to give up the Caliphate but he strengthened its foundation for the other one after his death." (Sharh durrat al-ghawwas, p.17)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">19) ash-Shaykh `Ala ad-Dawlah as-Simnani writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 43.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Amir al-mu'minin Sayyid al-`Arifin `Ali (p.b.u.h.) has stated in one of his brilliant Sermons "this is the Shiqshiqah that burst forth." (al-`Urwah li ahl al-khalwah wa'l-jalwah, p3, manuscript in Nasiriah Library, Lucknow, India)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 9.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">20) Abu'l-Fadl Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Maydani (d. 518 A.H.) has written in connection with the word Shiqshiqah:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 63.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">One sermon of Amir al-mu'minin `Ali is known as Khutbah ash-Shiqshiqiyyah (the sermon of the Camel's Foam). (Majma` al-amthal, vol.1, p.369)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">21) In fifteen places in an-Nihayah while explaining the words of this sermon Abu's-Sa`adat Mubarak ibn Muhammad, Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari (d. 606 A.H.) has acknowledged it to be Amir al-mu'minin's utterance. 22) Shaykh Muhammad Tahir Patni while explaining the same words in Majma` bihar al-anwar testifies this sermon to be Amir al-mu'minin's by saying, "`Ali says so." 23) Abu'l-Fadl ibn Manzur (d. 711 A.H.) has acknowledged it as Amir al-mu'minin's utterance in Lisan al-`Arab, vol.12, p.54 by saying, "In the sayings of `Ali in his sermon 'It is the camel's foam that burst forth then subsided.'" 24) Majdu'd-Din al-Firuz'abadi (d. 816/817 A.H.) has recorded under the word "Shiqshiqah" in his lexicon (al-Qamus, vol.3, p.251):<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 42.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Khutbah ash-Shiqshiqiyyah is by `Ali so named because when Ibn `Abbas asked him to resume it where he had left it, he said "O' Ibn `Abbas! it was the foam of a camel that burst forth then subsided."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">25) The compiler of Muntaha al-adab writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 66.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Khutbah ash-Shiqshiqiyyah of `Ali is attributed to `Ali (Allah may honour his face).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 38.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 22.35pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">26)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">ash-Shaykh Muhammad `Abduh, Mufti of Egypt, recognising it as Amir al-mu'minin's utterance, has written its explanations. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 22.35pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">27)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Muhammad Muhyi'd-Din `Abd al-Hamid, Professor in the Faculty of Arabic Language, al-Azhar University has written annotations on Nahj al-balaghah adding a foreword in the beginning wherein he recognises all such sermons which contain disparaging remarks to be the utterances of Amir al-mu'minin. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">In the face of these evidences and undeniable proofs is there any scope to hold that it is not Amir al-mu'minin's production and that as-Sayyid ar-Radi prepared it himself?<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page320"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(2)</span></sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. Amir al-mu'minin has referred to Abu Bakr's accession to the Caliphate metaphorically as having dressed himself with it. This was a common metaphor. Thus when Uthman was called to give up the Caliphate he replied "I shall not put off this shirt which Allah has put on me." No doubt Amir al-mu'minin has not attributed this dressing of Caliphate to Allah but to Abu Bakr himself because according to unanimous opinion his Caliphate was not from Allah but his own affair. That is why Amir al-mu'minin said that Abu Bakr dressed himself with the Caliphate.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 4pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">He knew that this dress had been stitched for his own body and his position with relation to the Caliphate was that of the axis in the hand-mill which cannot retain its central position without it nor be of any use. Similarly, he held "I was the central pivot of the Caliphate, was I not there; its entire system would have gone astray from the pivot. It was I who acted as a guard for its organization and order and guided it through all difficulties. Currents of learning flowed from my bosom and watered it on all sides.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">My position was high beyond imagination but lust of world seekers for government became a tumbling stone for me and I had to confine myself to seclusion. Blind darkness has prevailed all around and there was intense gloom everywhere. The young grew old and the old departed for the graves but this patience-breaking period would not end. I kept watching with my eyes the plundering of my own inheritance and saw the passing of Caliphate from one hand to the other but remained patient as I could not stop their high-handedness for lack of means."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: .25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">NEED FOR THE PROPHET'S CALIPH AND THE MODE OF HIS APPOINTMENT.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 11.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">After the Prophet of Islam the presence of such a personality was inevitable who could stop the community from disintegration and guard the religious law against change, alteration and interference by those who wanted to twist it to suit their own desires. If this very need is denied then there is no sense in attaching so much importance to the succession of the Prophet that the assemblage in Saqifah of Banu Sa`idah should have been considered more important than the burial of the Prophet.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 1pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If the need is recognized, the question is whether or not the Prophet too realized it. If it is held he could not attend to it and appreciate its need or absence of need it would be the biggest proof for regarding the Prophet's mind to be blank for thinking of means to stop the evils of innovations and apostasy in spite of having given warnings about them.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If it is said that he did realize it but had to live it unresolved on account of some advantage then instead of keeping it hidden the advantage should be clearly indicated otherwise silence without purpose would constitute delinquency in the discharge of the obligations of Prophethood. If there was some impediment, it should be disclosed otherwise we should agree that just as the Prophet did not leave any item of religion incomplete he did not leave this matter either and did propose such a course of action for it, that if it was acted upon religion would have remained safe against the interference of others.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 4pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The question now is what that course of action was. If it is taken to be the consensus of opinion of the community then it cannot truly take place as in such consensus acquiescence of every individual is necessary; but taking into account the difference in human temperaments it seems impossible that they would agree on any single point. Nor is there any example where on such matters there has been no single voice of dissent.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 4.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 4.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">How then can such a fundamental need be made dependent on the occurrence of such an impossible event - need on which converges the future of Islam and the good of the Muslims. Therefore, the mind is not prepared to accept this criterion. Nor is tradition in harmony with it, as al-Qadi `Adud ad-Dinal-'Iji has written in Sharh al-mawaqif:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 74.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">You should know that Caliphate cannot depend upon unanimity of election because no logical or traditional argument can be advanced for it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">In fact when the advocates of unanimous election found that unanimity of all votes is difficult they adopted the agreement of the majority as a substitute for unanimity, ignoring the difference of the minority. In such a case also it often happens that the force of fair and foul or correct and incorrect ways turns the flow of the majority opinion in the direction where there is neither individual distinction nor personal merit as a result of which competent persons remain hidden while incompetent individuals stand forward. When capabilities remain so curbed and personal ends stand in the way as hurdles, how can there be expectation for the election of correct person.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Even if it is assumed that all voters have an independent unbiased view, that none of them has his own objective and that none has any other consideration, it is not necessary that every verdict of the majority should be correct, and that it cannot go astray. Experience shows that after experiment the majority has held its own verdict to be wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 4.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If every verdict of the majority is correct then its first verdict should be wrong because the verdict which holds it wrong is also that of the majority. In this circumstances if the election of the Caliph goes wrong who would be responsible for the mistake, and who should face the blame for the ruination of the Islamic polity. Similarly on whom would be the liability for the bloodshed and slaughter following the turmoil and activity of the elections? When it has been seen that even those who sat in the audience of the Holy Prophet could not be free of mutual quarrel and strife how can others avoid it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 3.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If with a view to avoid mischief it is left to the people of authority to choose anyone they like then here too the same friction and conflict would prevail because here again convergence of human temperaments on one point is not necessary nor can they be assumed to rise above personal ends. In fact here the chances of conflict and collision would be stronger because if not all at least most of them would themselves be candidates for that position and would not spare any effort to defeat their opponent, creating impediments in his way as best as possible. Its inevitable consequence would be mutual struggle and mischief-mongering.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 6pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Thus, it would not be possible to ward off the mischief for which this device was adopted, and instead of finding a proper individual the community would just become an instrument for the achievement of personal benefits of the others. Again, what would be the criterion for these people in authority? The same as has usually been, namely whoever collects a few supporters and is able to create commotion in any meeting by use of forceful words would count among the people of authority.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page322"></a> <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 6pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 6pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Or would capabilities also be judged? If the mode of judging the capabilities is again this very common vote then the same complications and conflicts would arise here too, to avoid which this way was adopted.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 5pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If there is some other standard, then instead of judging the capabilities of the voters by it why not judge the person who is considered suitable for the position in view. Further, how many persons in authority would be enough to give a verdict? Apparently a verdict once accepted would be precedent for good and the number that would give this verdict would become the criterion for future. al-Qadi `Adud ad-Din al-'Iji writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 48pt 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Rather the nomination of one or two individuals by the people in authority is enough because we know that the companions who were strict in religion deemed it enough as the nomination of Abu Bakr by `Umar and of `Uthman by `Abd ar-Rahman. (Sharh al-mawaqif, p.351 )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">This is the account of the "unanimous election" in the Hall of Bani Sa`idah and the activity of the consultative assembly: that is, one man's action has been given the name of unanimous election and one individual's deed given the name of consultative assembly. Abu Bakr had well understood this reality that election means the vote of a person or two only which is to be attributed to common simple people. That is why he ignored the requirements of unanimous election, majority vote or method of choosing through electoral assembly and appointed `Umar by nomination. `A'ishah also considered that leaving the question of caliphate to the vote of a few particular individuals meant inviting mischief and trouble. She sent a word to `Umar on his death saying:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 39.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Do not leave the Islamic community without a chief. Nominate a Caliph for it and leave it not without an authority as otherwise I apprehend mischief and trouble.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 10.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">When the election by those in authority proved futile it was given up and only "might is right" became the criteria-namely whoever subdues others and binds them under his sway and control is accepted as the Caliph of the Prophet and his true successor. These are those self-adopted principles in the face of which all the Prophet's sayings uttered in the "Feast of the Relatives," on the night of hijrah, at the battle of Tabuk, on the occasion of conveying the Qur'anic chapter "al-Bara'ah" (at-Tawbah, chap.9) and at Ghadir (the spring of) Khumm.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 15pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The strange thing is that when each of the first three caliphates is based on one individual's choice how can this very right to choose be denied to the Prophet himself, particularly when this was the only way to end all the dissension, namely that the Prophet should have himself settled it and saved the community from future disturbances and spared it from leaving this decision in the hands of people who were themselves involved in personal aims and objects.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 25.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">This is the correct procedure which stands to reason and which has also the support of the Prophet's definite sayings.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.05pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 82%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 17.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 82%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(3)</span></sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 82%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. Hayyan ibn as-Samin al-Hanafi of Yamamah was the chief of the tribe Banu Hanifah and the master of fort and army. Jabir is the name of his younger brother while al-A`sha whose<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page323"></a> real name was Maymun ibn Qays ibn Jandal enjoyed the position of being his bosom friend and led a decent happy life through his bounty.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 4pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">In this verse he has compared his current life with the previous one that is the days when he roamed about in search of livelihood and those when he led a happy life in Hayyan's company. Generally Amir al-mu'minin's quoting of this verse has been taken to compare this troubled period with the peaceful days passed under the care and protection of the Prophet when he was free from all sorts of troubles and enjoyed mental peace.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 7.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">But taking into account the occasion for making this comparison and the subject matter of the verse it would not be farfetched if it is taken to indicate the difference between the unimportant position of those in power during the Prophet's life time and the authority and power enjoyed by them after him, that is, at one time in the days of the Prophet no heed was paid to them because of `Ali's personality but now the time had so changed that the same people were masters of the affairs of the Muslim world.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.95pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 91%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 91%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(4)</span></sup><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 91%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. When `Umar was wounded by Abu Lu'lu'ah and he saw that it was difficult for him to survive because of the deep wound, he formed a consultative committee and nominated for it `Ali ibn Abi Talib, `Uthman ibn `Affan, `Abd ar-Rahman ibn `Awf, az-Zubayr ibn al-`Awwam, Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas, and Talhah ibn `Ubaydillah and bound them that after three days of his death they should select one of themselves as the Caliph while for those three days Suhayb should act as Caliph.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 4.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">On receipt of these instructions some members of the committee requested him to indicate what ideas he had about each of them to enable them to proceed further in their light. `Umar therefore disclosed his own view about each individual. He said that Sa`d was harsh-tempered and hot headed; `Abd ar-Rahman was the Pharaoh of the community; az-Zubayr was, if pleased, a true believer but if displeased an unbeliever; Talhah was the embodiment of pride and haughtiness, if he was made caliph he would put the ring of the caliphate on his wife's finger while `Uthman did not see beyond his kinsmen.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 12.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">As regards Ali he is enamored of the Caliphate although I know that he alone can run it on right lines.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 3.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Nevertheless, despite this admission, he thought it necessary to constitute the consultative Committee and in selecting its members and laying down the working procedure he made sure that the Caliphate would take the direction in which he wished to turn it.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 3pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Thus, a man of ordinary prudence can draw the conclusion that all the factors for `Uthman's success were present therein. If we look at its members we see that one of them namely `Abd ar-Rahman ibn `Awf is the husband of `Uthman's sister, next Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas besides bearing malice towards `Ali is a relation and kinsman of `Abd ar-Rahman. Neither of them can be taken to go against `Uthman. The third Talhah ibn `Ubaydillah about whom Prof. Muhammad `Abduh writes in his annotation on Nahj al-balaghah:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Talhah was inclined towards `Uthman and the reason for it was no less than<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 41.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page324"></a><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">that he was against `Ali, because he himself was at at-Taymi and Abu Bakr's accession to the Caliphate had created bad blood between Bani Taym and Banu Hashim.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">          <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">As regards az-Zubayr, even if he had voted for `Ali, what could his single vote achieve. According to at-Tabari's statement Talhah was not present in Medina at that time but his absence did not stand in the way of `Uthman's success. Rather even if he were present, as he did actually reach at the meeting (of the Committee), and he is taken to be `Ali's supporter, still there could be no doubt in `Uthman's success because `Umar's sagacious mind had set the working procedure that:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 39pt 0.0001pt 40pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If two agree about one and the other two about another then `Abdullah ibn `Umar should act as the arbitrator. The group whom he orders should choose the Caliph from among themselves. If they do not accept `Abdullah ibn `Umar's verdict, support should be given to the group which includes `Abd ar-Rahman ibn `Awf, but if the others do not agree they should be beheaded for opposing this verdict. (at-Tabari, vol.1, pp.2779-2780; Ibn al-Athir, vol.3, p.67).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.45pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 12.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Here disagreement with the verdict of `Abdullah ibn `Umar has no meaning since he was directed to support the group which included `Abd ar-Rahman ibn `Awf. He had ordered his son `Abdullah and Suhayb that:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 49.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If the people differ, you should side with the majority, but if three of them are on one side and the other three on the other, you should side with the group including `Abd ar-Rahman ibn `Awf. (at-Tabari, vol.1, pp.2725,2780; Ibn al-Athir, vol.3, pp.51,67).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">In this instruction the agreement with the majority also means support of `Abd ar-Rahman because the majority could not be on any other side since fifty blood-thirsty swords had been put on the heads of the opposition group with orders to fall on their heads on `Abd ar-Rahman's behest. Amir al-mu'minin's eye had fore-read it at that very moment that the Caliphate was going to `Uthman as appears from his following words which he spoke to al-<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: .2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">`Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 39.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">"The Caliphate has been turned away from us." al-`Abbas asked how he could know it. Then he replied, "`Uthman has also been coupled with me and it has been laid down that the majority should be supported; but if two agree on one and two on the other, then support should be given to the group which includes `Abd ar-Rahman ibn `Awf. Now Sa`d will support his cousin `Abd ar-Rahman who is of course the husband of `Uthman's sister." (ibid )<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 4pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">However, after `Umar's death this meeting took place in the room of `A'ishah and on its door stood Abu Talhah al-Ansari with fifty men having drawn swords in their hands. Talhah started the proceedings and inviting all others to be witness said that he gave his right of vote to `Uthman. This touched az-Zubayr's sense of honour as his mother Safiyyah daughter of `Abd al-Muttalib was the sister of Prophet's father.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">So he gave his right of vote to `Ali. Thereafter Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas made his right of vote to `Abd ar-Rahman. This left three members of the consultative committee out of whom `Abd ar-Rahman said that he was willing to give up his own right of vote if `Ali (p.b.u.h.) and `Uthman gave him the right to choose one of them or one of these two should acquire this right by withdrawing. This was a trap in which `Ali had been entangled from all sides namely that either he should abandon his own right or else allow `Abd ar-Rahman to do as he wished. The first case was not possible for him; that is, to give up his own right and elect `Uthman or `Abd ar-Rahman. So, he clung to his right, while `Abd ar-Rahman separating himself from it assumed this power and said to Amir al-mu'minin, "I pay you allegiance on your following the Book of Allah, the sunnah of the Prophet and the conduct of the two Shaykhs, (Abu Bakr and `Umar).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 2pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">`Ali replied, "Rather on following the Book of Allah, the sunnah of the Prophet and my own findings." When he got the same reply even after repeating the question thrice he turned to `Uthman saying, "Do you accept these conditions." He had no reason to refuse and so he agreed to the conditions and allegiance was paid to him. When Amir al mu'minin saw his rights being thus trampled he said:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 40.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">"This is not the first day when you behaved against us. I have only to keep good patience. Allah is the Helper against whatever you say. By Allah, you have not made `Uthman Caliph but in the hope that he would give back the Caliphate to you."<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 12pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">After recording the events of ash-Shura (consultative committee), Ibn Abi'l-Hadid has written that when allegiance had been paid to `Uthman, `Ali addressed `Uthman and `Abd ar-Rahman saying, "May Allah sow the seed of dissension among you," and so it happened that each turned a bitter enemy of the other and `Abd ar-Rahman did not ever after speak to `Uthman till death. Even on death bed he turned his face on seeing him.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.55pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">On seeing these events the question arises whether ash-Shura (consultative committee) means confining the matter to six persons, thereafter to three and finally to one only. Also whether the condition of following the conduct of the two Shaykhs for Caliphate was put by `Umar or it was just a hurdle put by `Abd ar-Rahman between `Ali (p.b.u.h.) and the Caliphate, although the first Caliph did not put forth this condition at the time of nominating the second Caliph, namely that he should follow the former's footsteps. What then was the occasion for this condition here?<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.8pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 3.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">However, Amir al-mu'minin had agreed to participate in it in order to avoid mischief and to put an end to arguing so that others should be silenced and should not be able to claim that they would have voted in his favor and that he himself evaded the consultative committee and did not give them an opportunity of selecting him.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 91%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> ^{<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 91%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">(5)</span>}<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 91%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">. About the reign of the third Caliph, Amir al-mu'minin says that soon on `Uthman's coming to power Banu Umayyah got ground and began plundering the Bayt al-mal (public fund), and just as cattle on seeing green grass after drought trample it away, they recklessly fell upon Allah's money and devoured it. At last this self-indulgence and nepotism brought him to the<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page326"></a> stage when people besieged his house, put him to sword and made him vomit all that he had swallowed.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.2pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The maladministration that took place in this period was such that no Muslim can remain unmoved to see that Companions of high position were lying uncared for, they were stricken with poverty and surrounded by pennilessness while control over Bayt al-mal (public fund) was that of Banu Umayyah, government positions were occupied by their young and inexperienced persons, special Muslim properties were owned by them, meadows provided grazing but to their cattle, houses were built but by them, and orchards were but for them.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 1pt 0.0001pt 0in; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">If any compassionate person spoke about these excesses his ribs were broken, and if someone agitated this capitalism he was extorted from the city. The uses to which zakat and charities which were meant for the poor and the wretched and the public fund which was the common property of the Muslims were put may be observed from the following few illustrations;<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.65pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 9.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">1)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Al-Hakam ibn Abi'l-`As who had been exiled from Medina by the Prophet was allowed back in the city not only against the Prophet's sunnah but also against the conduct of the first two Caliphs and he was paid three hundred thousand Dirhams from the public fund. (Ansab al-ashraf, vol.5, pp.27, 28, 125) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 20.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">2)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Al-Walid ibn `Uqbah who has been named hypocrite in the Qur'an was paid one hundred thousand Dirhams from the Muslim's public fund. (al-`Iqd al-farid, vol.3, p.94) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 111%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 2.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 111%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">3)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 111%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The Caliph married his own daughter Umm Aban to Marwan ibn al-Hakam and paid him one hundred thousand Dirhams from the public fund. (Sharh of Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, vol.1, pp.198-199). <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 28.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">4)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">He married his daughter `A'ishah to Harith ibn al-Hakam and granted him one hundred thousand Dirhams from the public fund. (ibid.) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">5)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">`Abdullah ibn Khalid was paid four hundred thousand Dirhams. (al-Ma`arif of Ibn Qutaybah, p.84) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 48.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">6)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Allowed the khums (one fifth religious duty) from Africa (amounting to five hundred thousand Dinars) to Marwan ibn al-Hakam. (ibid) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 5.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">7)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Fadak which was withheld from the angelic daughter of the Prophet on the ground of being general charity was given as a royal favor to Marwan ibn al-Hakam. (ibid.) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 4.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">8)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Mahzur a place in the commercial area of Medina which had been declared a public trust by the Prophet was gifted to Harith ibn al-Hakam. (ibid.) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 102%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 14.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">9)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">   </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 102%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">In the meadows around Medina no camel except those of Banu Umayyah were allowed to graze. (Sharh of Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, vol.l, p.l99) <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.9pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 22.0pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -22.0pt;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">10)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">  </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">After his death (`Uthman's) one hundred and fifty thousand Dinars (gold coins) and one <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2457603084608122221" name="page327"></a>million Dirhams (silver coins) were found in his house. There was no limit to tax free lands; and the total value of the landed estate he owned in Wadi al-Qura and Hunayn was one hundred thousand Dinars. There were countless camels and horses. (Muruj adh-dhahab, vol.l, p.435)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 99%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 4.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 99%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">11) The Caliph's relations ruled all the principal cities. Thus, at Kufah, al-Walid ibn `Uqbah was the governor but when in the state of intoxication of wine he led the morning prayer in four instead of two rak`ah and people agitated he was removed, but the Caliph put in his place a hypocrite like Sa`id ibn al-`As. In Egypt Abdullah ibn Sa`d ibn Abi Sarh, in Syria Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, and in Basrah, `Abdullah ibn `Amir were the governors appointed by him (ibid.)<o:p></o:p></span></div> </div>

3rd Sermon of Imam Ali A.S

Known as the Sermon of ash-Shiqshiqiyyah (1) Beware! By Allah the son of Abu Quhafah (Abu Bakr) (2) dressed himself with it (the cal...

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